Diabetes mellitus is a pathological process associated with disorders in the endocrine system that develops as the consequences of relative or absolute causes of the lack of insulin hormone. The result is a strong increase in glucose concentration in the bloodstream (hypergly gem).
A characteristic characteristic of the disease is a violation of the metabolism at all systemic levels and a chronic course. In order to deeper the complexity of diabetes, the risk of several diseases associated with the disease, the concepts of the energy unit and the metabolic processes must be thoroughly uncovered.
Energy is of crucial importance for the harmonious functioning of all body systems. The body cannot create independently so that it consumes it from external resources.
One of the special and important vans of the unique energy is the food base. Carbohydrate complexes as food complexes are supplied with organisms of people within 50 to 75% of energy as a whole.
Carbohydrates are the most diverse organic substances on the surface of the earth, which are kept in all living matter on a cellular level. They transfer energy to organs and give life and prosperity to all systems.
But the body does not synthesize carbohydrates, but takes it with food. The largest number of these elements is concentrated in plant cells.
Carbohydrates are divided into simple (or monosaccharide) and complex (or polysaccharide). The first type includes glucose and fructose, the second - cellulose, starch, glycogen. The assimilation of all types occurs with different speeds. Monosaccharides as an energy faise enter the bloodstream at a quick pace and create a strong increase in sugar levels. The polysaccharide process of assimilation is very slow. The main task of polysaccharides is the stabilization and quality of digestion in the intestinal department and the excretion of toxic substances and slag complexes.
Glucose is a dominant energy supplier that is not free in the publication in food. Its formation takes place through the disintegration of the third party carbohydrates during food processing, according to which it is transported to the blood. The sugar level increases without exception. Then glucose goes into a cage under the control and effect of insulin. After the inside, glucose carries out a metabolic process.
Set sugar process
The paramount function when setting carbohydrate metabolism processes is part of the pancreatic hormone -insulin. Pancreas (pancreas) is an organ that is responsible for the functionality and development of internal and external secretion. The internal secretion produces antagonist hormones: insulin and glucagon. The external secretion contributes to the development of a substance that normalizes the digestion. These hormones are generated by feeding beta cells. Insulin reduces sugar and glucagon increases.
With an increased glucose mirror, insulin is thrown into the bloodstream and provokes the penetration of glucose into the cell. Food contributes to adding insulin, so that sugar does not increase, its level is stable. Excess glucose is stored in the liver like glucagon, which is converted into glucose as needed. With a deficiency in glucosem, Glucagon glycogen keeps it and successfully transfers it to the consistency of glucose to give more than energy for the body.
The normal glucose mirror lies before eating from 75 to 115 mg/dl. After eating, the glucose mirror reaches 125-145 mg/dl.
Types of diabetes
- Insulin -dependent form (type -1 -diabetes mellitus);
- Insulinon -dependent form (type -2 -diabetes mellitus).
The first type of pathology is the inability of pancreatic cells to develop the right amount of insulin (production may not be available at all). The causes of such errors are both the complete death of the glandular cells and undesirable factors - viruses, tensions, a weak immune system, false food, inflammation of any form directly in the pancreas and excess fat.
Type -1 diabetes requires mandatory insulin injections according to strict graphics.
The second type of illness, insulin -dependent, is more common, characterized by the development of a sufficient insulin form, but the body does not see it, the result is a small dose of insulin. The causes are different: from obesity to diseases of the internal organs, the thyroid gland and the pituitary gland. An important point is the use of medication from different spectrum.
Sign
In both types of diseases, sugar cannot absorb at a cellular level, and it is rooted in the blood cells, which forces them to starve them vigorously. Signs of diabetes of both types are the same - this is a multiple urination, in large quantities, the desire to drink many liquids, body weight with good nutrition, increased tiredness, low regeneration of the skin, the occurrence of wounds and astrige formations.
The differences in the signs are only as follows: the first type develops in the shortest possible time and is quite bright. In patients with the second type of disease, it is latent, without signs and can feel random. In the examined urine of such people, sugar is found whose presence is abnormal. The first type of sugar and acetone is in the urine of the patient.
Treatment
The first type is treated with constant insulin injections according to the schedule, and when type -2 diabetes has developedPresentHypoglycemic treatment is prescribed with medication that reduces the sugar concentration. The moment of an integrated approach and correct therapy is important here.
Oral medication
- In the early stages of the disease, the treatment of A-Glucosidase inhibitors sulfonylmochevina preparations is effective.
- Medicines - Biguanides.
- Plant medication, folk remedies, various nutritional supplements are used effectively in the treatment of diabetes.
It is important to know and understand that the disease is insidious and dangerous complications. In all directions, they sneak quietly and can lead to disabilities and often deaths in the future.
Possible problems
- Periodontal disease, stomatitis.
- Liver disease.
- Disruptions in the bile system.
- Violation of the brain and malfunction in blood supply.
- Diseases of visual channels and various lesions, possibly blindness.
diet
Therapeutic foods are scientifically referred to "diet nine nine", which is only prescribed by the doctor by the doctor. It is important to concentrate on the principle directed, for example the exclusion of fried, spicy, salty and spicy foods. Down with cans and alcohol, also remove sweets. Strict control and limitation of fat, breaking techniques of food. Dietary diet is the main component for maintaining a relatively normal condition.
With type -1 diabetes
The nutritional rules with this type are aimed at the correct calculation of the bread unit or the carbohydrates in food. It is important not to food itself, but quantitative parameters.
The account is retained: individual food consumption with 7-8 bread units, in carbohydrates up to 90 grams. Before eating, an insulin dosage and a amount of bread are always calculated in units before meals. The completely sweet liquid of any kind is excluded.
With type -2 -diabetes
Especially to stabilize carbohydrate processes. Movement is used during treatment and a decrease in food consumption by calorie content. The calculation is carried out by an individual program.
Products to be allowed
- Mushroom and vegetable broth, beetroot prayer soup, okloshka, low -fat fish gift.
- Low -fat beef pieces, veal, rabbits, chicken fillet.
- Rye and wheat types of bread, bran.
- Fish without fat: You can cook and bake.
- Small cheese, acidic dairy kitchen, yogurt.
- The egg is up to 2 pieces a week and only protein. The egg yolk is occasionally.
- Marse, barley porridge, buckwheat, oatmeal and pearl barley
- Salate, pumpkin, cucumber, tomatoes, zucchini, cabbage and eggplants. Vegetables are preferably boiled and baked. Potatoes are very small.
- Fruit and berries without sweetness, for example apples, grapefruit. Juices and compote on a sorbiti.
Forbidden products
- Fat meat broth.
- Fat meat of any kind.
- Cake, roles, Sdoba.
- Fat fish.
- Any kind of cucumber and smoking.
- Fish and meat in canned food, in oil solutions, caviar.
- All salty types of cheese, types of cottage cheese with sugar, butter.
- White varieties of rice, semolina and pasta in some form.
- Salt and marinades, vegetables of the bean family.
- Strawberries, grapes, figs, bananas, data, jam, chocolate.
- Grapes, peach and other species with increased sweetness.
With alarm signals, it is necessary to go to the doctors when the symptoms of diabetes are found and start -up measures and the course of treatment begin. Prevention is particularly important for those who have genetic tendency to typify diabetes, excess body weight or pathology in pancreas.
Today, the patient has relevant and real opportunities with this disease to avoid difficulties and to stay at a high qualitative level of life. Every person can avoid and stop the expansion of the consequences of the disease. All sick are easily accessible for all types to treat diabetes. This is a wide range of plant and synthetic variants of medicines, insulin preparations and devices for your input in the body, apparatus of the control type.
Today, unique courses and seminars that are aimed at the teaching patients are available. Experts with high classes, experts in their area, to make accessible and to involve information in the course of a desire and suffering in all questions in connection with the disease.
Important rules for diabetics
- Constant review and advice with a cardiologist to avoid the development of atherosclerosis and heart attack.
- Difficult pressure control.
- Frequent visit to the ophthalmological office, which checks the visual apparatus.
- Checking the condition of blood vessels and joints of the lower extremities.
- Staying in the fresh air is enough.