How do you treat diabetes?Of course insulin.Everyone knows about it, even those who are far from medicine.Finally, diabetes (hereinafter - diabetes) is increased when the sugar is increased.And insulin reduces this sugar.
In general correct.If you are not insignificant at first glance, but actually important details.
insulin
Yes, insulin reduces the high sugar content (more precisely - glucose) in the blood plasma.
In the case of type 1 diabetes, which mainly develops at a young age, an absolute insulin deficiency is determined, this hormone is not determined with certain pancreatic structures, long-energy, not separated (or secreted in low quantities).
There is no insulin - there is no use of glucose and other metabolic processes are pathological.If you introduce insulin into the framework of replacement therapy, the situation can be corrected to a certain degree.
Under the influence of this drug, glucose occurs where it should be - in a cage in which it is exposed to a split.The metabolism is normalized.
Everything would be easy if it weren't that difficult.The fact is that in some cases the introduction of insulin can lead to major problems than its absence.The reason is hypoglycaemia, a strong glucose drop in the blood plasma.
An overdose of insulin has a very quick effect and sometimes immediately.
The skin becomes pale, drops of blood pressure, a coma develops from which the patient is very difficult to remove.
The cause of hypoglycaemia is not only an overdose, but also the improper administration of insulin.This drug should only be administered after taking a slight food.Before the introduction of insulin, physical activity, tensions are not desirable.
For this reason, the dosage of insulin is carefully selected by the endocrinologist, depending on the glycemia (the content of glucose in the blood plasma), which is determined by laboratory.
The daily dose depends on the glycemia level, the course of diabetes, and is determined individually by the doctor for each patient.
A typical breakdown of this dose is 30% before breakfast, 35% - before lunch, 25% - before dinner and 10% at night.
Although these numbers can vary depending on the way of life, they work.And to choose the right insulin with the diabetes recognized first, a hardly recognized mellitus of diabetes can disappear for several days.The landmark is the same - laboratory indicators.
Due to the high rice of hypoglycaemia, insulin is forbidden to connect ambulance workers in the pre -clinical phase that cannot control glycemia.
In recent times, many portable devices, glycometers that have been designed for measuring blood sugar have been released.
First, the reliability of gly productions sometimes leaves much to be desired.
Secondly, the delayed introduction of insulin, as already mentioned, is not as scary as its overdose.
It is noteworthy that insulin is not homogeneous for the treatment of diabetes.
It can be pork, cattle (maintained from the pancreas clogged from the pancreas) and humanly, synthesized with genetic engineering.
Insulin is not the same in terms of action.If it is necessary to reduce glycemia as soon as possible, short insulin is introduced.The effect takes place quickly in the first 15 to 20 minutes, but does not take long.
Insulin of the average duration and the expanded effect should create the necessary glycemic background during the day.Depending on a certain clinical situation, types of insulin and their combination are also prescribed by an endocrinologist.
Saarassen
If insulin is only produced in the form of injection solutions (it is destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract), the overwhelming number of sugary medication is shown by tablets for the interior.
It should be noted that insulin and sugar -tubular means are not interchangeable for diabetes.
More precisely, insulin is only effective with the type of diabetes over 1 mellitus type.
And all sugary active ingredients are only used for 2 insulin -dependent types of the disease.This type is based on relative insulin deficiency.This means that the total amount of insulin, which is generated by the pancreas, increases normal or even.Nevertheless, he misses.
This happens with obesity in old age when the amount of adipose tissue is increased and the compensatory skills of the human body are low.
There are different types of sugardown tablets.In one way or the other, everyone changes the course of biochemical reactions and thereby stimulate the production of insulin with beta cells.
Beta cells are exhausted at a certain point in time, relative insulin deficiency is absolutely and there is another transition to insulin treatment.
Sometimes the basis of diabetes mellitus can increase the production of counter -sulate hormones, adrenal glands and pituitary glands.The effect of these hormones is exactly the opposite of such an insulin - they increase glucose level in the blood.
After the high level of codloxular hormones has been confirmed by laboratory methods, certain injections that regulate their level are prescribed.
glucose
It turns out that glucose is no less important in diabetes than insulin.This applies in particular to severe forms of the disease.
Timely introduction of glucoseHypoglycemic conditions- This is a question of life and death.Finally, the blood sugar level should be raised as soon as possible.For this purpose, a concentrated 40% glucose is administered intravenously with an syringe.
IfThe patient is awareThey give him a drink with warm tea with sugar.
However, hyperglycaemia (high sugar) also requires the administration of glucose.
The end result is that glucose accumulates in large quantities in plasma.But the cell does not get this glucose.Pathological mechanisms of glyoogenesis are created - the synthesis of glucose from fats and proteins that are intensively decomposed.
To prevent this, glucose is introduced as part of the so -called polarization of the mixture.This mixture includes 5% glucose, insulin and one of the drugs of potassium.Insulin contributes to the penetration of glucose into a cage and "pulls" potassium together with him at the same time.This is the most important intracellular element that controls almost all metabolic processes in the cell.
Another state, if glucose is of crucial importance, is an increased urine release in diabetes, the so -called diabetic urethics.
It is due to the high concentration of blood plasma and secondary kidney damage.Glucose is lost together with the urine.In this case, this has given such a wrongly positive picture - the glucose level in the blood is reduced without insulin.
In fact, this is a potentially dangerous disease that is called "scissors" as an endocrinologist due to the discrepancy between laboratory indicators and objective data.The only way out to avoid these "scissors" lies in the timely dripping of glucose solutions.
Certification and alkalization
Urinalism is initially the loss of fluid, which quickly leads to dehydration or dehydration.Together with this, excess glucose in the blood is converted into ketone body (acetone and other compounds) that have an acid reaction.
This process is called ketoacidosis.
It is extremely difficult and regrettable in the absence of treatment.Dehydration and ketoacidosis strain each other.
In order to eliminate dehydration, rehydratization is carried out - replenishment of a lack of fluids.The post -dation for diabetes includes massive, up to 3 liters per day or more, intravenous infusion of different solutions.
In addition to the above glucose, an ordinary isotonic sodium chloride solution (saline solution) and other solutions are administered that contain sodium, chlorine, magnesium and potassium ions.
The replenishment of the fluid deficiency normalizes the balance of acids and bases in the body and eliminates the acidification in tissues.Effective ways to combat acidosis are the infusion of sterile alkalization solutions.This includes sodium bicarbonate or simply soda.If the patient's condition permits, it is preferably plentiful alkaline drinking in the form of alkaline mineral water.
Other drugs
Diabetes mellitus is a systemic disease.This means that pathology is not limited to the pancreas solely - almost all organs and tissues suffer from one way or another.This is largely due to diabetic angiopathy - the lesion of blood vessels and capillaries.
At the same time, the blood circulation in these vessels and capillaries is disturbed, which leads to secondary lesions of the inner organs - mainly the eye -of -eyedina (retinopathy) and kidneys (nephropathy).To eliminate angiopathy, the intravenous dripping is carried out by various medicines that improve the systemic bloodstream.
Together with these drugs, medication is prescribed for a specific effect that influence the metabolic processes in nerve fibers.
The violation of the blood circulation in the capillary network is often complicated by trophic ulcers with a predominant localization on the inside of the lower leg.
The treatment of these ulcers requires the use of local antiseptics and antibiotics.Diabetics are more common than the others with cardiovascular diseases that are complicated by myocardial infarction.
Cardiotonic is used in the treatment of these diseases that have a positive impact on the myocardial, anti-soscver and blood pressure lowering (blood pressure) medication.With diabetes, not only desirable, but also for taking different vitamin mineral complexes in the form of pharmaceutical medicines and biologically active food additives.
Diet for diabetes
Proper nutrition in the treatment of diabetes is just as important as medicines.The non -compliance with nutrition reduces the effectiveness of these drugs to zero.This applies in particular to the first type of diabetes in which the slightest nutritional errors with serious consequences are affected.Basic requirements for the diet diet of diabetics:
- Fracture of food in small portions 4-5 times;
- A balanced ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates;
- The number of calories accepted with food should correspond to the number of consumers consumed.
- With obesity - reduction in overweight.
In this regard, easily digestible carbohydrates, fat meat, sweets, strong tea, coffee, butter, grapes are contraindicated.Instead of white bread - black, instead of sugar - sugar -subdentation for diabetics.
The diet should be given muesli (buckwheat, oatmeal, wheat), light vegetable soups, fresh vegetables.A diet for every patient is developed individually by a nutritionist.
Diploma
Of course, this article is in no way instructions for self -mediation, which can be expensive for diabetes with diabetes.It should be noted that it is impossible to completely heal the insulin -dependent diabetes mellitus.Unfortunate, but a fact.But the right, regular treatment, protection regimes, food and physical restrictions will help to return to a full life and avoid unwanted complications.